uMthunywa
NGITHEMBA lisakhumbula balandeli lapho esake saxoxa khona ngomfakazi (witness), abantu abalelungelo lokwethula ubufakazi edale lemthethwandaba wakuleli, sisebenzisa umthetho weCriminal Procedure and Evidence Act esathi thina waziwa ngelikaCP & E Act. Lamuhla; sizake sixekane labakhunkuli bakundatshana yethu edluleyo, sibuyele kulumthetho weCP & E Act siyecasuna izindaba ezimnandi ezithandwa ikakhulu ngomamangala, amapholisa, labatshutshisi — ubufakazi (evidence). Phela ometheswacala lamagqwetha abo bayabe befisa ngamandla wonke ukuba icala labo liswele ubufakazi.
Ubufakazi yiloba yini okungasetshenziswa ukuveza (prove) kumbe ukwala (disprove) imicijo ethize. Imicijo yonale yiyo ecina isakha kumbe ukudiliza icala njalo icele linye ngalinye — elikamamangala lelikametheswacala, lizama ngamandla wonke ukubulala/ ukuphikisa ubufakazi belinye liqinisa obalo. Yeyi madoda, kuyabe kunzima enkundleni kulwiwa, kakuncengwana — yikho kudingwa umlamulankunzi!
Kuqakathekile bakwethu ukuba sihlale sisazi ukuba kulobufakazi obamukelekayo enkundleni kulobungamukelekiyo. Njalo; kulendlela yokwethula ubufakazi eyamukelekayo lengamukelekiyo. Phela ubufakazi lobu kabuphombukwethulwa nje!
Okwakuqala okudingakalayo yikuba ubufakazi esilabo bube buhambelana lokuveza kumbe ukwalana lendaba ethethwayo, imicijo ethize ngaleyondaba kumbe olunye ulutho oluthize ngayo — okuphathelane lalolodaba oluphethweyo, hatshi obungelani lalo (irrelevant/ immaterial).
Inzwabethi kayisebenzi enkundleni yemthethwandaba. Umfakazi munye ngamunye kumele ethule akubonileyo, akwenzileyo kumbe okunye okubambekayo akuphathe ngeyinye yemizwa yakhe, hatshi akuzwileyo! Lokhu kugcizelela umthetho wokuba ubufakazi bumele bethulwe ngomlomo (viva voce) kumbe mathupha (in attendance).
Nxa lokhu kwehlule; njengalapho okungasetshenziswa khona amazwi (alotshiweyo kumbe akhulunywa ngomunye umuntu) engakamuyi, isigulane kumbe ingcitshi efana lodokotela oyabe ebanjwe yikusiza umphefumulo. Ukuze amukeleke amazwi la, kumele abe ejonge ukuveza iqiniso hatshi ubuqili. Inkundla yedale lomthethwandaba ikhangela okulandelayo ukuze isuthiseke ukuba amazwi la ngaweqiniso — ukuba ngempela umnini wawo sewafa; umkhuhlane alawo (emzimbeni kumbe engqondweni) kawumvumezi ukuba senkundleni kumbe owawethulayo, kasazakali/ kasabonakali ngendlela eyamukelekayo emthethweni ukuba ngeqiniso kangeke abekhona emthethwandaba.
Lapha kudingakala isitikinyane sakoMsitheli kumbe esikadokotela kumbe obunye njalo ubufakazi obudindwe ngokusemthethweni, okuveza isimo sikafakazi lo esikhuluma ngaye.
Emazwini kamuyi, kukhona njalo okunye okumqoka okumele sibekwazi mahlabezulu. Amazwi kamufi (declaration) ethulwa ngesikhathi umphefumulo usuphuma, ayamukeleka edale lomthethwandaba.
Okudingakalayo yincwadi kadokotela eveza ukuba umuyi usegulela ukufa njalo akasaphindi aphile kodwa ulesifiso sokwethula amazwi/ ubufakazi obuthile obuphathelane lomlandu othize njalo kakwenzi ukuba lobobufakazi buhluzwe — sokumele banyukelwe bunjalo.
Kufanele-ke ukuba amazwi la aphange alotshwe phansi ngumantshi wedale lemthethwandaba ukuze abe yibufakazi kusasa. Umantshi lo kuzamele aludinde lologwalo lwamazwi kamuyi, atsho lezizatho ezenze asuthiseke ukuba kufanele awamukele njengobufakazi; alobe usuku lendawo lapho akhona, isandla sakhe kunye labafakazi abayabe bekhonapho ngalesosikhathi.
Umthetho unzima bakwethu ngoba udinga ukuba sibewazi, yiwo olawula indlela esiphila ngayo. Amazwi kamuyi la aselotshwe ngumantshi, kakapheleli ukwethulwa edale lemthethwandaba! Mhlazana efunakalayo, kuyadingeka ukuba inkundla ephethe udaba lwalamazwi, isuthiseke ukuba:-
(a) ugwalo lwalamazwi lwalotshwa ngumantshi wedale layo njalo waloba legama lakhe.
(b) kumele kwaziswe umtshutshisi kumbe umetheswacala/ igqwetha lakhe; abaphathelane lalolodaba oluthethwayo ukuba ubufakazi obunje buzathathwa njalo buzakwethulwa ekuthethweni kwecala leli — isaziso lesi kumele senziwe ngesikhathi, kuseselethuba elihle lokuba nxa ababili laba bengaba lomunye umbono abalawo bawethule labo kungakafiki usuku lokwethulwa kwalobo bufakazi kumbe uma bebengafuna ukubuza umuyi imibuzo (nxa engabe ekade ephila) bebengakwenza lokho.
Nxa kungenzakala konke lokho, amazwi kamuyi asengasetshenziswa lokwanyukelwa sabufakazi. Umzekeliso lo bakwethu ngiwelule ngisenzela ukuveza ukugcizelela ukuba kunengi okudingakalayo ukuze ubufakazi banyukelwe enkundleni. Banengi-ke esibezwa bekhala ngokuba uZibani loZibanibanyana sebephandle, kukhanya bakhitshwa-nje kumbe babhadala, kanti hatshi, ingozi enkulu yikuswelakala kobufakazi kumbe ukwethulwa kwabo ngendlela engayisiyo — lokhu kuyalilahla icala elisegcekeni umuntu aphume “discharge.”
Kungaselani bakwethu sisesekhona ezifundweni zomthetho, izindaba zakoCala kunye lomzali wakhe uSigilamkhuba. Sidibane kwelizayo sesiqhubeka ngodaba lobufakazi. Sixhumeni njalo ku — [email protected] kumbe kumhleli.
