uMthunywa
LANXA abantu abelatshwe izifo ezithelelwana emacansini (STIs) behle ngesilinganiso se-2 phesenti ngomnyaka ka2018 nxa kuqathaniswa lomnyaka ka2017, inani lakhona lilokhu liphezulu.
Inhlanganiso yeNational Aids Council kanye labanye esebenza labo kunhlelo zabo, baqhuba imikhankaso yokulimukisa uzulu ngemikhuhlane ethelelwana emacansini kuzabelo zonke okuyikho osekubangele ukuthi inani labantu abelatshelwa imikhuhlane ethelelwana emacansini lehle.
Kukhuthazwa ukuthi abantu basebenzise amakhondomu ukuze bavikele ukuthelelwa amaSTIs kanye leHIV.
Kule iviki sizalabela ulwazi ngomkhuhlane othelelwana emacansini: ingulamakhwa loba isiki.
Ukwelatshwa kwezifo ezithelelwana emacansini kusukela ngo2014 kusiya ku-2018
INational Aids Council (Nac) isileminyaka embalwa ithenga amakhithi okuhlola isiki loba ingulamakhwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi abantu bathola impumela eziqondileyo njalo bayelatshwa. INac ibuye iqhubekele phambi ikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwamakhondomu ngendlela eqondileyo njalo zikhathi zonke ukuze kuvikelwe ukumemetheka kwemikhuhlane yemacansini kanye leHIV. Kule iviki sizalabela ulwazi ngesifo esivamileyo: ingulamakhwa.
Kuyini ingulamakhwa?
Ingulamakhwa yisifo esithelelwana ngokuhlangana lomuntu olaso emacansini njalo nxa singelatshwanga ngendlela eqondileyo silakho ukucina sibangela ingozi kumpilakahle. Izibonakaliso zesifo lesi ebadaleni zingatshiyana kusiya ngesibanga isifo lesi esesikiso. Izibanga lezi zigoqela isigaba sokuqala, isigaba esiphezulu, isigaba lapho umkhuhlane oyabe usukhona kodwa ungakaphumeli egcekeni kanye lesigaba lapho ingulamakhwa le eyabe isikhanya egcekeni.
Ithelelwana njani ingulamakhwa?
Ulakho ukuba lengulamakhwa kumbe isiki nxa ungathinta isilonda somuntu olesifo lesi ngesikhathi lisemacansini. Izilonda lezi zingatholakala endukwini yowesilisa, esithweni sowesifazana, phakathi kwezibunu, endebeni zomlomo kanye lasemlonyeni. Umama ozithweleyo ulakho njalo ukuthelela inkonyane yakhe ingulamakhwa ngesikhathi ezithwele.
Ikhangeleka njani ingulamakhwa?
Ingulamakhwa ibizwa ngokuthi “ngumlingisi omkhulu” ngoba ilezibonakaliso ezinengi kakhulu, njalo ezinye zazo zibukeka njengempawu ezivela kwezinye izifo.
Isilonda sengulamakhwa esingabuhlungu obalaso usanda kuthola umkhuhlane lo singafana lenwele ezikhulela ngaphakathi (ingrown hair), lesilonda sokusikwa yizipha loba okunye okungabonakala kungelakulimala. Ukuqubuka komzimba okuba khona ngesigaba sesibili sesifo lesi sengulamakhwa kungakhanya laphakathi kwezandla, ngaphansi kwenyawo kanye lasemzimbeni wonke kumbe ezindaweni ezimbalwa zomzimba. Isiki ilakho futhi ukulimaza amehlo njalo ingabangela ukuba yimpumputhe. Kungenzeka njalo ukuthi uthi ulesifo lesi ungabi lempawu zaso.
Ngingehlisa njani amathuba ami okuba lengulamakhwa?
Indlela yokwenqabela ukuthelelwa izifo zemacansini yikuthi usebenzise ijazi lomkhwenyana ngendlela eqondileyo nxa ungena emacansini. Nxa ungena emacansini ungalandela indlela ezilandelayo ukuze wehlise amathuba okuthola ingulamakhwa:
– Ukuthandana lomuntu okwesikhathi eside lomuntu oke wahlolwa kwatholakala engelamikhuhlane ethelelwana emacansini;
– Ukusebenzisa ngendlela eqondileyo njalo zikhathi zonke amakhondomu nxa usiya emacansini. Ikhondomu liyenqabela ukuthelelwana kwesifo lesi ngoba akubi lokuthintana lesilonda. Kwezinye izikhathi izilonda ziba sendaweni ezingavalwa lijazi lomkhwenyana kungakho ukuthintana lezilonda lezi kungakwenza ube lesifo lesi.
Ngisengozini yokuba lengulamakhwa na?
Yiloba ngubani ongena emacansini ulakho ukuba lesifo sengulamakhwa ngokuhlangana lomunye emacansini engazivikelanga. Xoxisana lodokotela wakho kumbe abezempilakahle ukuze kwazakale ukuba kumele uhlolwe ukuze kubonakale kumbe ulomkhuhlane othelelwana emacansini. Kumele uhlale uhlolelwa isifo lesi nxa uzithwele kumbe nxa uhlangana labantu abake baba lesifo lesi.
Ngizithwele, ilimaza njani inkonyane yami ingulamakhwa?
Nxa ulesifo sengulamakhwa njalo uzithwele ulakho ukuyithelela inkonyane yakho. Umntwana ozalwa ngumama olesifo lesi uzalwa elesisindo somzimba esiphansi kakhulu, njalo kungenzeka abelethe insuku zingakeneli kumbe ukuthi abelethe usane olufileyo. Ukuze uvikele usane kufanele uhlolelwe isifo lesi ngesikhathi uzithwele kanye lanxa usubeletha ukuze welatshwe masinyane nxa kungatholakala ukuthi ulaso.
Usane olubelethwa lulesifo lesi lungabe lungelazo impawu zokuba lesifo lesi kodwa nxa lungekela ukwelatshwa masinyane, usane luba sengozini enkulu kakhulu ngemva kwamaviki ambalwa. Abantwana abangelatshwanga bangaba lenkinga zempilo ezinjenge-cataracts, ukungezwa endlebeni, izithuthwane kukanti kwezinye izikhathi usane lungafa.
Ngingaba kwazi njani ukuthi ngilengulamakhwa?
Izibonakaliso zengulamakhwa ebantwini abadala zingehlukaniswa ngezigaba:
Isigaba sokuqala
Nxa usanda ukuba lesifo lesi ungananzelela isilonda esisodwa kodwa kuyenzakala ukuthi ube usulezilonda ezinengi. Lapho okuba khona lesilonda kuveza lapho isifo lesi esangena khona emzimbeni wakho. Isilonda lesi siyabe siqinile njalo singabuhlungu. Ngenxa yokuthi isilonda lesi kasibuhlungu, singahlala singabonakali. Isilonda lesi singaqeda amaviki amathathu kusiya kwayisithupha sibe sesiphola lanxa singelatshwanga. Loba isilonda singaphela kufanele uthole ukwelatshwa ukuze ukutheleleka kwesifo lesi kungedluleli kusigaba sesibili.
Isigaba esiphezulu
Kusikhathi sesigaba sesibili, ungaqubuka emzimbeni njalo ungaba lezilonda emlonyeni, esithweni sangasese esibizwa ngokuthi yi-mucous membrane lesions. Lesi isigaba kuvame ukuqala ngokuqubuka endaweni eyodwa kumbe ezinengi zomzimba. Ukuqubuka lokhu kungaqala ukubonakala nxa isilonda sesiphola kumbe ngemva kwamaviki ambalwa isilonda leso sesipholile. Ukuqubuka lokhu kungahle kubonakale njengamabala ansundu, abomvu phakathi kwezandla kanye langaphansi kwenyawo.
Amaqhubu la izikhathi ezinengi kawalumi kukanti nxa eluma kawalumi kakhulu. Ezinye izibonakaliso ongaba lazo zigoqela uqhuqho, izilonda ezilembilaphi, ubuhlungu bomphimbo, ukulahlekelwa zinwele, ukutshaywa likhanda, ukwehla kwesisindo somzimba kanye lokukhathala. Impawu ezivela kulesisigaba lazo ngokufanayo ziyacatsha iloba ungelatshwanga. Ngaphandle kokuthi welatshwe isifo lesi singaya kwesinye isigaba.
Isigaba lapho umkhuhlane lo ophumela khona egcekeni
Isigaba lesi somkhuhlane lo siqala nxa zonke izibonakaliso seziphelile. Nxa ungatholi ukwelatshwa ungaqhubeka ulokhu ulesifo sengulamakhwa emzimbeni wakho okweminyaka embalwa kungela ezinye impawu. Abantu abanengi abalesifo sengulamakhwa esingelatshwanga kabafiki kusigaba lesi sesifo. Kodwa nxa kungenzakala siba sibi kakhulu ngoba sivela ngemva kweminyaka elitshumi kusiya kumatshumi amathathu ube laso. Izibonakaliso zesigaba lesi sokucina zigoqela ukukhubazeka kubangelwa yikwehluleka ukuhambisa ingxenye zomzimba wakho ezithile, ukuba yisiphofu kanye lomkhuhlane wengqondo. Kusigaba lesi ingulamakhwa iyalimaza izitho zangaphakathi zomzimba njalo ingabangela ukufa.
Udokotela wami engabakwazi njani ukuthi ngilengulamakhwa?
Esikhathini esinengi ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungasetshenziswa ukudinga ukuthi ulesifo sengulamakhwa na? Abanye njalo abezempilakahle bangahlola amanzi aphuma esilondeni esibangelwa ngumkhuhlane lo ukuze babone ukuba ulawo yini.
Iyelapheka yini ingulamakhwa?
Yebo, ingulamakhwa iyelapheka ngamaphilisi ama-antibiotics owaphiwa esibhedlela loba ekilinika.
Sengelatshwa, ngingaphinda ngibe layo futhi yini ingulamakhwa?
Ukuba lengulamakhwa welatshwe akutsho ukuthi kawusabi layo futhi. Loba uke wayelatshwa kungenzeka ukuthi uphinde uthelelwe igcikwane leli ngomunye.
Ukuhlolwa okwenziwa ema-laboratory yikho kuphela okungaveza ukuthi ulegcikwane leli.
Ngenxa yokuthi izilonda lezi zicatshile esithweni sowesifazane kumbe phakathi kwezihlalo, ngaphansi kwejwabu lesitho sowesilisa, emlonyeni, kungenzeka kungabonakali ukuthi omunye wakho ulesifo lesi.
Ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kanye lokwelatshwa uyabe usengozini yokutheleleka ngesifo sengulamakhwa. Sebenzisa ijazi lomkhwenyana zikhathi zonke njalo ngendlela eqondileyo!
(Icatshunwe ku: http://www.cdc.gov/std/syphilis/stdfact-syphilis)
