uMthunywa
UMHLAKA 12 Nhlangula lusuku lokunikeza ithuba lokuveza imizwa yakho mayelana lokuqhatshwa kwabantwana lokugqugquzela ukuba abantwana bonke bafinyelele ilungelo lokuthola imfundo yezinga eliphezulu.
Inani labantwana abaqhatshiweyo emhlabeni jikelele selehle ngesibalo sokunye kokuthathu (1/3) kusukela ngomnyaka ka 2000, sisehla kunani eliyi-246 miliyoni lisiya ku-168 miliyoni. E-Asia lakuPacific yikho okulenani eliphezulu (elingafika 78 miliyoni kumbe sithi i9,3 phesenti zesibalo sabantwana), kodwa-ke i sub-Saharan Africa yiyo indawo elokuqhatshwa kwabantwana okuphezulu.
Kwezokulima yikho lapho okutholakala izehlakalo zokuqhatshwa kwabantwana abanengi ngoba bayisilinganiso esiyi-98 miliyoni. Kweminye imisebenzi lakho bakhona abangaba yi-54 miliyoni.
Umbiko wokuqhatshwa kwabantwana owakhutshwa ngabeZimstat ngomnyaka ka2014 uveza ukuba abantwana abayisikhombisa kwabalitshumi, abaleminyaka ephakathi kwengu-5 kusiya ku-17 bayasebenza. Abanye babo bayaholiswa kukanti abanye abaholi.
Kuleli kulesilinganiso esingaba zinkulungwane ezingu-170 abaphakathi kweminyaka le abasemsebenzini.
Ebantwaneni abaleminyaka engu-5 kusiya ku-14, abasemakhaya yibo abasengozini yokuphatheka emisebenzini nxa kuqathaniswa losowabo abasemadolobheni. Phakathi kwalabo abasebenza okulenzuzo abangaba yi-63% kuphela bayafunda, i 4 percent abakaze baye esikolo kuthi i33,3 percent bake bafunda kodwa babuye bekela isikolo.
Abantwana abangu-9 kwabangu-10 abasekuqhatshweni okulenzuzo ababhadalwa ngitsho. Kwabalutshwana ababhadalwayo, i37 percent inikeza wonke umholo abazali loba abadala ababagcinileyo yiyo kuphela esebenzisa imali yayo.
Ilizwe leZimbabwe lafunga kuzimiso zeILO u138 lo 182 ngenyanga kaNhlangula loMpalakazi ngokulandelana. Kodwa-ke, izinga lobuyanga, ukuswelakala kwenhlelo zokuncedisa umphakathi lokwekethekisa ukusebenza komthetho kwenqabela imizamo yokuqeda ukuqhatshwa kwabantwana eZimbabwe. Ngomanyano inhlanganiso zeUN, inhlanganiso eziyilihlo likazulu lezinye zachwayisisa zathola isimo esibucayi sokuqhatshwa kwabantwana eZimbabwe abasihumutsha ngokuthi yi-Worst Forms Of Child Labour (WFCL) ngo2008. Ucubungulo lolu olwe-Rapid Assessment lolweZimstat lwamanje luveze ukuba abantwana abanengi baqhatshwe ezindlini, kwezokulima lasemigodini.
Hatshi ekuqhatshweni kwabantwana — Yebo kumfundo efanele!
Abantwana abanengi abasebenzayo abayi esikolo. Abanye bahlanganisa umsebenzi lesikolo kodwa okwesikolo kucine kungaphumeleli. Ngokuswela imfundo eneleyo lolwazi, sebebadala, abantwana abakhulele emisebenzini bagcina besemisebenzini ebabhadala imali encane, abangaxotshwa loba nini. Ukuquma lesi simo kungumthwalo womhlaba wonke jikelele, njalo imfundo ilendima enkulu engayidlala kulokho.
Imfundo yamahala njalo ebanjwa ngamandla kubo bonke abantwana kuze kufike kuzinga leminyaka umuntu angaqhatshwa ngayo yikho okumqoka ekuqedeni udaba lokuqhatshwa kwabantwana. Kuzimiso zentuthuko yoluntu ezibizwa ngokuthi, Millennium Development Goals, iUnited Nations ibeka izimiso zokuqinisekisa ukuthi kusiyafika kumnyaka ka2015 bonke abantwana kumele baqede imfundo yaphansi. Ngokuchwayisisa kwenhlanganiso yeUnesco, mayelana lokubhaliswa kwabantwana ezikolo, kuvele ukuba abantwana abangu-58 miliyoni abemfundo yaphansi labangu-63 miliyoni bemfundo yaphakathi (sekhondari) abakabhaliswa ezikolo.
EZimbabwe abantwana bayafinyelela imfundo yaphansi kodwa-ke kube lukhuni ukwedlulela phambili. Njengoba umphakathi womhlaba jikelele udingana lesisombululo, kukhanya mgceke ukuba ukuqhatshwa kwabantwana kuyawafiphazisa amathuba okuthuthuka kwezemfundo lengqubekela phambili.
Nxa inkinga yokuqhatshwa kwabantwana ingathathelwanga inyathelo eliqinileyo, lemithetho isekethiswa, abantwana okumele babe sezikolo bazaqhubeka besetshenziswa.
Qinisekisani ukuthi imithetho yelizwe iyasebenza njalo iqinile
Isimiso seILO u138 mayelana leminyaka umuntu angavumakala ukuthi aqhatshwe ngayo ihambisana lobudlelwano phakathi kwemfundo leminyaka umuntu angafanele ukuqhatshwa. Sithi sona umuntu akumelanga aqale ukusebenza eleminyaka engaphansi kwengu-15.
Kuyacaca ukuba kusadingeka ukuthi kube lokuhlelwa kwezimiso ezihambisana lamacebo okumisa ukusetshenziswa kwabantwana kunye lokuthuthukisa ezemfundo. Ngalemizamo iILO lezinye ingatsha zenhlanganiso yeUN zingadlala indima eqakathekileyo yokusebenzelana loHulumende ekubumbeni imithetho lekuncedeni ngemali ukulwisana lokuqhatshwa kwabantwana. KweleZimbabwe, kusadingeka ukuba imithetho yezokuqhatshwa yelekaniswe lesimiso esikuSisekelo sombuso esithi wonke umuntu ongaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 usesengumntwana.
Qinisekisa imfundo efanele lokuthuthukiswa komsebenzi wezemfundo
Imfundo lokufundiswa kungaba yizo izindlela zokuletha inguquko empilweni kazulu lasekuthuthukeni kwezomnotho njalo kudinga uxhaso lwezemali, impahla kanye lababalisi abafundele umsebenzi.
Kungaswelakala impahla le abantwana bacina bengena emkhankasweni wokudinga umsebenzi isikhathi sabo singakafiki.
Inhlanganiso yeILO incedisa abantu abamqoka kwezemfundo: ababalisi. Bemanyene le-Unesco, abeILO bakhuthaza intuthukiso yemfundo efaneleyo kuzo zonke izigaba zayo.
Ukuqhubekela phambili — okumele kwenziwe
Loba nje bekulobunzima umango omude usuhanjiwe, ngakho kuyeneliseka ukuthi kuhanjwe omunye njalo. Kube lokwehla kwezinga lenani labantwana abasemisebenzini eminyakeni elimtshumi edluleyo njalo lenani labantwana abasezikolo likhuphukile. Kodwa ke, kunengi okusafuneka kwenziwe ukuze kuqedwe udubo lokuqhatshwa kwabantwana.
Okunye okumqoka okumele kwenziwe yilokhu:
– Ukwengeza izinga lokufinyelela imfundo efanele, emhlabeni jikelele injongo yikuba leyo mfundo ibe ngeyamahala;
– Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abantwana baba lendawo yokufundela ekhuselekile;
– Ukunika abalahlekelwa lithuba lokufunda labo amathuba wokufundela imisebenzi emakolitshini;
– Ukuqinisekisa ukulandelwa kwemithetho emelana lokuqhatshwa kwabantwana ukuhambelana lokulandelwa kwayo; kukhuthazwa imithetho evikela umphakathi lokuya esikolo;
– Ukuvikela abatsha abavela ezikolo bengena emisebenzini ukuthi bangahlukuluzwa kumbe ukwenziswa imisebenzi engafanele.
Ukuze wazi okunengi yana ku www.ilo.org/ipec kumbe uthinte : [email protected]
